What are the two main natural forces that load trees?

The two main natural forces that load trees are gravity and wind. Gravity is a constant force acting on all objects, including trees, pulling them down towards the earth. This force influences how trees grow and develop their structure to maintain stability and support their weight. Wind, on the other hand, applies lateral forces on trees, which can create bending moments and affect the tree's stability. Trees have evolved adaptations in their shape and structure, such as tapering trunks and flexible branches, to withstand these forces. Together, gravity and wind significantly impact a tree's health, growth patterns, and risk of failure, making them essential considerations in tree risk assessment.