What condition primarily leads to tree failure?

The condition that primarily leads to tree failure is when the load exceeds the tree's load-carrying capacity. Trees are designed to withstand specific amounts of stress depending on their size, species, and health, as well as environmental factors. When external forces, such as wind, snow, or ice, impose loads that surpass this capacity, the structural integrity of the tree is compromised.

Factors like tree age, health, and specific characteristics of the species contribute to its overall stability. For example, a tree that has developed defects, such as decay or cankers, will have a reduced load-carrying capacity, making it more susceptible to failure under loads that a healthy tree of the same size could withstand. Understanding this concept is vital for effectively assessing tree risk and determining necessary management practices to mitigate the risk of tree failure.

While improper care, inadequate water supply, and soil compaction are important factors affecting overall tree health and resilience, they are often indirect contributors to failure rather than direct causes when discussing the mechanics of structural failure.