Which of the following are common symptoms of tree decay?

The identification of cavities, hollows, fungal fruiting bodies, and discoloration of wood as common symptoms of tree decay is correct because these indicators are directly associated with the deterioration of the tree's internal structure and health. Cavities and hollows often develop as the tree’s internal tissues decay, leading to an increased risk of structural failure. Fungal fruiting bodies are typically visible signs of decay, indicating that fungi—organisms that break down wood—are actively colonizing the tree. Discoloration of wood can suggest that decay processes are occurring, often associated with the presence of pathogens that affect the vitality of the tree. Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for proper tree risk assessment, as they can inform arborists about the extent of damage and the potential risks posed by the tree.

The other options do not reflect indicators of decay. For instance, excessive green foliage and vigorous growth often suggest a healthy tree, while deep roots and healthy bark indicate stability and vitality rather than decay. Regular blooming and fruit production also denote a tree that is thriving rather than one that is suffering from internal decay. Understanding these differences is essential for conducting accurate assessments and ensuring safe environments surrounding trees.