Which of the following is NOT a definite indicator of decay?

A fruiting structure is often an indicator of beneficial fungi involved in the tree’s health rather than decay. While certain types of fruiting bodies can suggest the presence of decay-causing fungi, not all fruiting structures are associated with decay. For example, mycorrhizal fungi, which form beneficial associations with tree roots, can produce fruiting structures that indicate a healthy symbiotic relationship rather than decay in the tree.

In contrast, cavities, nesting holes, and oozing are generally recognized as signs of decay. Cavities often form as a result of internal wood decay, weakening the structure. Nesting holes created by animals can also indicate that the tree has areas compromised by decay, as many wildlife species tend to favor decayed wood for nesting. Oozing typically signals the presence of diseases or decay, often associated with tree wounds where sap or other substances are exuded. Thus, the correct choice identifies a structure that is not definitively indicative of decay.